How do JavaScript closures work?
How do JavaScript closures work? Introduction to JavaScript Closures JavaScript closures can feel like a magic trick at first—functions mysteriously holding onto variables from places they shouldn’t logically “see” anymore. But once you unwrap how they actually work, it’s a neat, powerful concept rather than black magic. At their core, a closure is simply a function bundled together with its surrounding state (the lexical environment). Every time you declare a function in JavaScript, it keeps a hidden reference to the scope where it was created. This means the function can access variables from its outer scope, even if that outer function has already finished executing. Take this simple example: function greet(name) { const greeting = "Hello"; return function() { console.log(`${greeting}, ${name}!`); }; } const greeter = greet("Alice"); greeter(); // "Hello, Alice!" Here, the inner function keeps a “memory” of greeting and name . Eve...